# 用 Geth 搭建以太坊私链
# 安装 Geth
安装 Geth 有很多方式，这里主要就 Linux 环境给出两种：系统包管理（apt-get）安装和源码安装。更推荐大家源码安装，在整个过程，可以看到 Geth 各组件的构建步骤
# 安装前需要的环境
# git
$ # sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install git
$ git --version
$ git config --global user.name "hailiting"
$ git config --global user.email "hailiting@yeah.net"
$ git config --list # 查看配置
$ ssh-keygen -trsa -C "hailiting@yeah.net" # 生成 .ssh
$ git log # 查看当前git节点的log
$ git tag # 获取当前git的tag
$ git checkout v1.10.2 # 切换到选定版本
# make
$ sudo apt-get install make
# vim
$ sudo apt-get install make
# go
$ wget -c https://dl.google.com/go/go1.14.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O - | sudo tar -xz -C /usr/local
$ cat ~/.profile # 查看用户环境变量地址
$ vim /home/hailiting/.profile
# .profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
# :wq
$ source ~/.profile
# 方法一
$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install ethereum
# 方法二
# 1. 克隆 github 仓库
$ git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git
# 2.
$ cd go-ethereum
$ make geth
# linux err 2 系统会出错
$ vim env.sh
# est + :set ff 查看文件格式
# 文件格式是doc :fileformat=dos
# dos 在Linux下执行是有问题的
# 修复
esc + :set ff=unix
:wq
$ make geth
$ ./build/bin/geth version # 查看当前版本
通过geth version查看是否安装成功
# 启动节点同步
--datadir ./data 数据的存储目录指定到 data 文件夹
安装好 Geth，现在可以尝试运行一下它，执行下面命令，geth 就会同步区块，并存储在当前目录下。这里的--syncmode fast参数表示我们会以"快速"模式同步区块。在这种模式下，我们只会下载每个区块头和区块体，但不会执行验证所有交易，直到所有区块同步完毕再去获取一个系统的当前状态。这样就节省了很多交易验证的时间。
$ geth --datadir . --syncmode full | fast | light
通常，在同步以太坊区块链时，客户端会一开始就下载并验证每个块和每个交易，也就是说从创世区块开始。毫无疑问，如果不加--syncmode fast参数，同步将花费很长时间并具有很高的资源要求（更多的 RAM，如果你没有快速存储，则需要更长时间）
如果我们想同步测试网络的区块，可以用下面命令
$ geth --testnet --datadir .--syncmode fast
--testnet这个参数会告诉 geth 启动并连接到最新的测试网络，也就是Ropsten。测试网络的区块和交易数量明显少于主网，所以会更快一些，但即使用快速模式同步测试网络，也需要几个小时时间。
# 搭建自己的私有链
因为公共网络区块数量太多，同步耗时太长，我们为了方便快速了解Geth，可以试着用它来搭建一个只属于自己的私链。
首先，我们需要创建网络的创世(genesis)状态，这写在一个小小的 JSON 文件里（例如我们将其命名为genesis.json）
可以去官网查看最新配置，要不然会有坑
// chainId
// 主网的chainId 是 1
// 测试的chainId 是 3
// difficulty 难度测试
// gasLimit 整个区块最多有多少gas
// alloc
// 地址 balance 表示在创世纪的时候 这些地址有这些balance balance单位是wei
{
"config": {
"chainId": 523,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip150Block": 0,
"eip150Hash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0,
"byzantiumBlock": 0,
"constantinopleBlock": 0,
"petersburgBlock": 0,
"istanbulBlock": 0,
"ethash": {}
},
"nonce": "0x0",
"timestamp": "0x5ddf8f3e",
"extraData": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"gasLimit": "0x47b760",
"difficulty": "0x00002",
"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"alloc": {
"0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430": {
"balance": "30000000000000000000"
}
},
"number": "0x0",
"gasUsed": "0x0",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
要创建一条以它作为创世块的区块链，我们可以使用下面命令：
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ init genesis.json
在当前目录下运行 geth，就会启动这条私链，注意要将 networked 设置为与创世块配置里 chinaId 一直。 下面是必须的，绑定 networkid，要不然不能保证 networkid 和 chainid 是一样的
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 523
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --rpc --networkid 523 --nodiscover console 2>eth_output.log --allow-insecure-unlock
查看是否正常启动，如果正常启动，说明已经成功启动一条自己的私链了
# 启动控制台及控制台操作
# 启动控制台
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 15 # 启动区块
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 15 console # 启动区块并进入控制台
# 启动区块并进入控制台并将打印信息打印到 output.log文件里
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 15 console 2>output.log
# 启动区块 开启rpc
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 15 --rpc console 2>output.log
# 2 输出
# 2> 输出重定向
$ tail -f output.log # 动态跟踪output.log文件的变化
# 30303 p2p节点
$ geth --datadir . --rpc --networkid 523 --nodiscover console 2>eth_output.log --allow-insecure-unlock
# --rpcapi="db,eth,net,web3,personal,web3" 容许他们对geth进行修改
$ geth --datadir ./myChain/ --rpc --rpcapi="db,eth,net,web3,personal,web3" --networkid 523 --nodiscover console 2>eth_output.log --allow-insecure-unlock
# 在后台启动，不要在前台挂起
$ nohup geth --datadir ./myChain/ --networkid 523 --rpc 2>output.log --allow-insecure-unlock &
# 查看进程
$ ps -ef
# 重新进入工具行
$ geth attach http://localhost:8545
# Fatal: Failed to start the JavaScript console: api modules:
# ====解决方法====
# 关闭91服务器防火墙
$ sudo killall geth
# 参数列表
| 参数 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| console | 启动控制台 |
| 2>eth_output.log | 日志重定向 |
| -datadir ./dir | 指定数据目录，其中 ./dir 表示当前目录下的 dir 文件夹 |
| -nodiscover | 禁止发现节点 |
| -rpc | 启用 rpc 服务，默认端口号 8545 |
| -allow-insecure-unlock | 允许 http 的方式 unlock |
| -rpcapi | 表示可以通过 rpc 调用对象 |
| -rpcaddr | rpc 监听地址，默认为 127.0.0.1,只能本地访问 |
# Geth 控制台命令
Geth Console 是一个交互式的 JavaScript 执行环境，里面内置了一些用来操作以太坊的 JavaScript 对象，我们可以直接调用这些对象来获取区块链上的相关信息，这些对象主要包括：
- eth: 主要包含对区块链进行访问和交互相关的方法
- net: 主要包含查看 p2p 网络状态的方法
- admin: 主要包含与管理节点相关的方法
- miner: 主要包含挖矿相关的一些方法
- personal: 包含账户管理的方法
- txpool: 包含查看交易内存池的方法
- web3: 包含以上所有对象，还包含一些通用方法
# 常用命令有：
personal.newAccount(): 创建账户;personal.unlockAccount(): 解锁账户;eth.accounts: 列出系统的账户;eth.getBalance(): 查看账户余额，返回值的单位是 Wei;eth.blockNumber: 列出当前区块高度;eth.getTransaction(): 获取交易信息;eth.getBlock(): 获取区块信息;miner.start(): 开始挖矿;miner.stop(): 停止挖矿;web3.fromWei(): Wei 换算成以太币;web3.toWei(): 以太币换算为 Wei;txpool.status: 交易池中的状态;
> eth.getBalance("0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430")
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance("0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430"), "ether")
> personal.newAccount()
Passphrase: 123456
// keystore 多了一个文件 cat UTC-xxxxx 账户信息
0x7363e778a415f21211db9b990d8087f3e3d00664
// 快速创建账户
> personal.newAccount("123456")
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]);
> eth.sendTransaction({from: "0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430", to: eth.accounts[0], value: 1000000})
// Error: unknown account
> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to: "0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430", value: 1000000})
// authentication needed: password or unloack
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
// 解锁
Passphrase: xxxx
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "123456", 2000000);
> eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to: "0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430", value: 1000})
// insufficient funds for transfer 余额不足
> personal.importRawKey // 导入原始私钥
// 挖矿 miner
> miner.start(1) // 1表示一直挖
Succesful
> miner.stop()
> eth.blockNumber // 查看挖矿后 区块的高度
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
> eth.sendTransaction({
from: eth.accounts[0],
to: "0xf1DE2d4c9DA3201B82402b4c3cD06E7E128A1430",
value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")
})
> miner.start(1)
> miner.stop()
// 发送交易后需要挖矿打包交易才生效
// 划转后得挖一下矿
// 查询区块信息
> eth.getBlock("210")
// 查询交易
> eth.getTransaction(transactionHash)
{
blockHash: null,
blockNumber: null,
from: "0x3cf8d009b2d6265a35a75f029f26073006e46881",
gas: 21000,
gasPrice: 1000000000,
hash: "0xe961eedcc4e0254ff2733ead42fb05b000748252d33299db2a1f24327d8b05d7",
input: "0x",
// 由发起人EOA发出的序列号，用于防止交易消息重播 1，2，3，4 6 等待 5 5交易完 交易 6
nonce: 0,
r: "0xfb0fa585b15e55cdcdeb6722a12ec4769b3a5221627d92184a01b8595240a441",
s: "0x54844af4e3773fc1d551911e5437e4159d964377ffb25b5cb61626453670fd3c",
to: "0xf1de2d4c9da3201b82402b4c3cd06e7e128a1430",
transactionIndex: null, // 在块里是第几个
type: "0x0",
v: "0x439",
value: 1000
}
// v,r,s 发起人EOA的ECDSA签名的三个组成部分
> eth.getBlock(3)
{
difficulty: 131072,
extraData: "0xd683010a02846765746886676f312e3136856c696e7578",
gasLimit: 4713778,
gasUsed: 0,
hash: "0x5e53156b79920423e6a49227fdeffb56b0c2cecb41d129c35352fc282cf16c2a",
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
miner: "0x3cf8d009b2d6265a35a75f029f26073006e46881",
mixHash: "0x30b69f17e739517c3f51cdda4df7c08aa8bcc2a2e1e3f7bee532bcddd40008a5",
nonce: "0x49ef4c8bc9494469",
number: 3,
parentHash: "0x85e91262122e7aa2fa2102ee32d0817ae1232ba1f1911348237de3ae7222f10b",
// 数据
receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
size: 534,
// 状态
stateRoot: "0x531bc7c3303f6d7ef259935347f5fadba7392b38b75b7ee5b4a1669b05d09cf4",
timestamp: 1619403893,
totalDifficulty: 393218,
transactions: [],
// 交易本身
transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
uncles: []
}
# eth.sendRawTransaction
发送一个已经签名的交易
var Tx = require("ethereumjs-tx");
var privateKey = new Buffer(
"e331b6d69882b4cb4ea581d88e0b604039a3de5967688d3dcffdd2270c0fd109",
"hex"
);
var rawTx = {
nonce: "0x00",
gasPrice: "0x09184e72a000",
gasLimit: "0x2710",
to: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
value: "0x00",
data:
"0x7f7465737432000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600057",
};
var tx = new Tx(rawTx);
tx.sign(privateKey);
var serializedTx = tx.serialize();
//console.log(serializedTx.toString('hex'));
//0xf889808609184e72a00082271094000000000000000000000000000000000000000080a47f74657374320000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006000571ca08a8bbf888cfa37bbf0bb965423625641fc956967b81d12e23709cead01446075a01ce999b56a8a88504be365442ea61239198e23d1fce7d00fcfc5cd3b44b7215f
> web3.eth.sendRawTransaction(serializedTx.toString("hex"), function(err, hash) {
if (!err) console.log(hash); // "0x7f9fade1c0d57a7af66ab4ead79fade1c0d57a7af66ab4ead7c2c2eb7b11a91385"
});
// 估算某笔交易所花费的gas
> eth.estimateGas({from: eth.accounts[0],to: eth.accounts[1], value: web3.toWei(100,"ether")})
21000
> eth.estimateGas({from: eth.accounts[0],to: eth.accounts[1], value: 10, data: "0x1234"})
21032
![eth_translate_err01][./img/eth_translate_err01.jpg]
# invalid sender
这个错误的根本原因是没有设置 chainId 和 networkId.
这两个值需要保证跟你的私链一致，还有 Networkid 不等于 chainId,具体看自己的配置。chainId 和 Networkid 都要保证一致，如果不设置的话，默认是签名到公网交易，到私链上会报invalid sender这个错误。
# web3
// > web3
const web3= {
admin: {
datadir: "/home/hailiting/Desktop/gethtext/myChain",
nodeInfo: {
enode: "enode://4c3ad77621a019f6c017c55f25cd522b1071f4632cc997c60d7052b5ec3afe4cdf02f4c6b1620cbc9d4057884171f5c3f56b8b270338f37460955cd8ea5b68bd@127.0.0.1:30303",
enr: "enr:-J24QF0GouToraSWUKN-IHArZcsVPG4xfn3le1QRNGMUT_A2dy_wLsvHmedURCEx8-G9PGhR6LEyxSGqtYp68elxjvMDg2V0aMfGhCE8YdCAgmlkgnY0gmlwhH8AAAGJc2VjcDI1NmsxoQNMOtd2IaAZ9sAXxV8lzVIrEHH0YyzJl8YNcFK17Dr-TIRzbmFwwIN0Y3CCdl-DdWRwgnZf",
id: "7206f734dfee1d81bb6f65fb06cf7a8c3958858ee691b1a198d98189523a6887",
ip: "127.0.0.1",
listenAddr: "[::]:30303",
name: "Geth/v1.10.2-stable-97d11b01/linux-amd64/go1.16",
ports: {
discovery: 30303,
listener: 30303
},
protocols: {
eth: {...},
snap: {}
}
},
peers: [], // 周围节点
addPeer: function(),
addTrustedPeer: function(),
clearHistory: function(),
exportChain: function(),
getDatadir: function(callback),
getNodeInfo: function(callback),
getPeers: function(callback),
importChain: function(),
removePeer: function(),
removeTrustedPeer: function(),
sleep: function(),
sleepBlocks: function(),
startHTTP: function(),
startRPC: function(),
startWS: function(),
stopHTTP: function(),
stopRPC: function(),
stopWS: function()
},
bzz: { //
hive: undefined,
info: undefined,
blockNetworkRead: function(),
download: function(),
get: function(),
getHive: function(callback),
getInfo: function(callback),
modify: function(),
put: function(),
retrieve: function(),
store: function(),
swapEnabled: function(),
syncEnabled: function(),
upload: function()
},
currentProvider: {
send: function(),
sendAsync: function()
},
db: { // 底层数据库
getHex: function(),
getString: function(),
putHex: function(),
putString: function()
},
debug: {
accountRange: function(),
backtraceAt: function(),
blockProfile: function(),
chaindbCompact: function(),
chaindbProperty: function(),
cpuProfile: function(),
dumpBlock: function(),
freeOSMemory: function(),
freezeClient: function(),
gcStats: function(),
getBadBlocks: function(),
getBlockRlp: function(),
getModifiedAccountsByHash: function(),
getModifiedAccountsByNumber: function(),
goTrace: function(),
memStats: function(),
mutexProfile: function(),
preimage: function(),
printBlock: function(),
seedHash: function(),
setBlockProfileRate: function(),
setGCPercent: function(),
setHead: function(),
setMutexProfileFraction: function(),
stacks: function(),
standardTraceBadBlockToFile: function(),
standardTraceBlockToFile: function(),
startCPUProfile: function(),
startGoTrace: function(),
stopCPUProfile: function(),
stopGoTrace: function(),
storageRangeAt: function(),
testSignCliqueBlock: function(),
traceBadBlock: function(),
traceBlock: function(),
traceBlockByHash: function(),
traceBlockByNumber: function(),
traceBlockFromFile: function(),
traceCall: function(),
traceTransaction: function(),
verbosity: function(),
vmodule: function(),
writeBlockProfile: function(),
writeMemProfile: function(),
writeMutexProfile: function()
},
eth: {
accounts: [],
blockNumber: 0,
hashrate: undefined,
mining: false,
pendingTransactions: [],
protocolVersion: undefined,
syncing: false,
call: function(),
chainId: function(),
contract: function(abi),
createAccessList: function(),
estimateGas: function(),
fillTransaction: function(),
filter: function(options, callback, filterCreationErrorCallback),
getAccounts: function(callback),
getBalance: function(),
getBlock: function(),
getBlockByHash: function(),
getBlockByNumber: function(),
getBlockNumber: function(callback),
getBlockTransactionCount: function(),
getBlockUncleCount: function(),
getCode: function(),
getCoinbase: function(callback),
getCompilers: function(),
getGasPrice: function(callback),
getHashrate: function(callback),
getHeaderByHash: function(),
getHeaderByNumber: function(),
getMining: function(callback),
getPendingTransactions: function(callback),
getProof: function(),
getProtocolVersion: function(callback),
getRawTransaction: function(),
getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(),
getStorageAt: function(),
getSyncing: function(callback),
getTransaction: function(),
getTransactionCount: function(),
getTransactionFromBlock: function(),
getTransactionReceipt: function(),
getUncle: function(),
getWork: function(),
iban: function(iban),
icapNamereg: function(),
isSyncing: function(callback),
namereg: function(),
resend: function(),
sendIBANTransaction: function(),
sendRawTransaction: function(),
sendTransaction: function(),
sign: function(),
signTransaction: function(),
submitTransaction: function(),
submitWork: function()
},
ethash: {
getHashrate: function(),
getWork: function(),
submitHashrate: function(),
submitWork: function()
},
isIBAN: undefined,
miner: { // 矿工
getHashrate: function(),
setEtherbase: function(),
setExtra: function(),
setGasPrice: function(),
setRecommitInterval: function(),
start: function(),
stop: function()
},
net: {
listening: true,
peerCount: 0,
version: "15",
getListening: function(callback),
getPeerCount: function(callback),
getVersion: function(callback)
},
personal: {
listAccounts: [],
listWallets: [],
deriveAccount: function(),
ecRecover: function(),
getListAccounts: function(callback),
getListWallets: function(callback),
importRawKey: function(),
initializeWallet: function(),
lockAccount: function(),
newAccount: function(),
openWallet: function(),
sendTransaction: function(),
sign: function(),
signTransaction: function(),
unlockAccount: function(),
unpair: function()
},
providers: { //
HttpProvider: function(host, timeout, user, password),
IpcProvider: function(path, net)
},
rpc: {
modules: {
admin: "1.0",
debug: "1.0",
eth: "1.0",
ethash: "1.0",
miner: "1.0",
net: "1.0",
personal: "1.0",
rpc: "1.0",
txpool: "1.0",
web3: "1.0"
},
getModules: function(callback)
},
settings: {
defaultAccount: undefined,
defaultBlock: "latest"
},
shh: {
addPrivateKey: function(),
addSymKey: function(),
deleteKeyPair: function(),
deleteSymKey: function(),
generateSymKeyFromPassword: function(),
getPrivateKey: function(),
getPublicKey: function(),
getSymKey: function(),
hasKeyPair: function(),
hasSymKey: function(),
info: function(),
markTrustedPeer: function(),
newKeyPair: function(),
newMessageFilter: function(options, callback, filterCreationErrorCallback),
newSymKey: function(),
post: function(),
setMaxMessageSize: function(),
setMinPoW: function(),
version: function()
},
txpool: {
content: {
pending: {},
queued: {}
},
inspect: {
pending: {},
queued: {}
},
status: {
pending: 0,
queued: 0
},
getContent: function(callback),
getInspect: function(callback),
getStatus: function(callback)
},
version: {
api: "0.20.1",
whisper: undefined,
getEthereum: function(callback),
getNetwork: function(callback),
getNode: function(callback),
getWhisper: function(callback)
},
BigNumber: function a(e,n),
createBatch: function(),
fromAscii: function(str),
fromDecimal: function(value),
fromICAP: function(icap),
fromUtf8: function(str),
fromWei: function(number, unit),
isAddress: function(address),
isChecksumAddress: function(address),
isConnected: function(),
padLeft: function(string, chars, sign),
padRight: function(string, chars, sign),
reset: function(keepIsSyncing),
setProvider: function(provider),
sha3: function(string, options),
toAscii: function(hex),
toBigNumber: function(number),
toChecksumAddress: function(address),
toDecimal: function(value),
toHex: function(val),
toUtf8: function(hex),
toWei: function(number, unit)
}
# geth --help
$ geth --help
NAME:
geth - the go-ethereum command line interface
Copyright 2013-2021 The go-ethereum Authors
USAGE:
geth [options] [command] [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
1.10.2-stable-97d11b01
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
db Low level database operations
dump Dump a specific block from storage
dumpconfig Show configuration values
dumpgenesis Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
export Export blockchain into file
export-preimages Export the preimage database into an RLP stream
import Import a blockchain file
import-preimages Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
js Execute the specified JavaScript files
license Display license information
makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
show-deprecated-flags Show flags that have been deprecated
snapshot A set of commands based on the snapshot
version Print version numbers
version-check Checks (online) whether the current version suffers from any known security vulnerabilities
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML configuration file
--datadir value Data directory for the databases and keystore (default: "/home/hailiting/.ethereum")
--datadir.ancient value Data directory for ancient chain segments (default = inside chaindata)
--datadir.minfreedisk value Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default = --cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)
--keystore value Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
--usb Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallets
--pcscdpath value Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file (default: "/run/pcscd/pcscd.comm")
--networkid value Explicitly set network id (integer)(For testnets: use --ropsten, --rinkeby, --goerli instead) (default: 1)
--mainnet Ethereum mainnet
--goerli Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
--rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
--yolov3 YOLOv3 network: pre-configured proof-of-authority shortlived test network.
--ropsten Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
--syncmode value Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", "snap" or "light") (default: fast)
--exitwhensynced Exits after block synchronisation completes
--gcmode value Blockchain garbage collection mode ("full", "archive") (default: "full")
--txlookuplimit value Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one year, 0 = entire chain) (default: 2350000)
--ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
--identity value Custom node name
--lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
--whitelist value Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforce (<number>=<hash>)
LIGHT CLIENT OPTIONS:
--light.serve value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (multi-threaded processing allows values over 100) (default: 0)
--light.ingress value Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kilobytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
--light.egress value Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (kilobytes/sec, 0 = unlimited) (default: 0)
--light.maxpeers value Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to (default: 100)
--ulc.servers value List of trusted ultra-light servers
--ulc.fraction value Minimum % of trusted ultra-light servers required to announce a new head (default: 75)
--ulc.onlyannounce Ultra light server sends announcements only
--light.nopruning Disable ancient light chain data pruning
--light.nosyncserve Enables serving light clients before syncing
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled
--dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir value Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
--ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
--ethash.cacheslockmmap Lock memory maps of recent ethash caches
--ethash.dagdir value Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default: "/home/hailiting/.ethash")
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.dagslockmmap Lock memory maps for recent ethash mining DAGs
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.locals value Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)
--txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
--txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default = 4096 mainnet full node, 128 light mode) (default: 1024)
--cache.database value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io (default: 50)
--cache.trie value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 15% full mode, 30% archive mode) (default: 15)
--cache.trie.journal value Disk journal directory for trie cache to survive node restarts (default: "triecache")
--cache.trie.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the trie cache journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--cache.gc value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full mode, 0% archive mode) (default: 25)
--cache.snapshot value Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapshot caching (default = 10% full mode, 20% archive mode) (default: 10)
--cache.noprefetch Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more time waiting for data)
--cache.preimages Enable recording the SHA3/keccak preimages of trie keys
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input
--signer value External signer (url or path to ipc file)
--allow-insecure-unlock Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related RPCs are exposed by http
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath value Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
--http Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--http.addr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--http.port value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
--http.api value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--http.rpcprefix value HTTP path path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.
--http.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
--http.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
--ws Enable the WS-RPC server
--ws.addr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--ws.port value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
--ws.api value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--ws.rpcprefix value HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.
--ws.origins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--graphql Enable GraphQL on the HTTP-RPC server. Note that GraphQL can only be started if an HTTP server is started as well.
--graphql.corsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
--graphql.vhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (default: "localhost")
--rpc.gascap value Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (0=infinite) (default: 25000000)
--rpc.txfeecap value Sets a cap on transaction fee (in ether) that can be sent via the RPC APIs (0 = no cap) (default: 1)
--rpc.allow-unprotected-txs Allow for unprotected (non EIP155 signed) transactions to be submitted via RPC
--jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
--exec value Execute JavaScript statement
--preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap
--discovery.dns value Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)
--port value Network listening port (default: 30303)
--maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 50)
--maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
--nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
--nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine Enable mining
--miner.threads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 0)
--miner.notify value Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work packages
--miner.notify.full Notify with pending block headers instead of work packages
--miner.gasprice value Minimum gas price for mining a transaction (default: 1000000000)
--miner.gastarget value Target gas floor for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
--miner.gaslimit value Target gas ceiling for mined blocks (default: 8000000)
--miner.etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account) (default: "0")
--miner.extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
--miner.recommit value Time interval to recreate the block being mined (default: 3s)
--miner.noverify Disable remote sealing verification
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpo.blocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 20)
--gpo.percentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 60)
--gpo.maxprice value Maximum gas price will be recommended by gpo (default: 500000000000)
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
--vm.evm value External EVM configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
--vm.ewasm value External ewasm configuration (default = built-in interpreter)
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification
--nocompaction Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--log.json Format logs with JSON
--log.backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
--log.debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
--pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprof.addr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--pprof.port value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--pprof.memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
--pprof.blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
--pprof.cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file
--trace value Write execution trace to the given file
METRICS AND STATS OPTIONS:
--metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting
--metrics.expensive Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting
--metrics.addr value Enable stand-alone metrics HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--metrics.port value Metrics HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--metrics.influxdb Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database
--metrics.influxdb.endpoint value InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to (default: "http://localhost:8086")
--metrics.influxdb.database value InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to (default: "geth")
--metrics.influxdb.username value Username to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.password value Password to authorize access to the database (default: "test")
--metrics.influxdb.tags value Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements (default: "host=localhost")
ALIASED (deprecated) OPTIONS:
--nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets (deprecated)
--rpc Enable the HTTP-RPC server (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http)
--rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http.addr) (default: "localhost")
--rpcport value HTTP-RPC server listening port (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http.port) (default: 8545)
--rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced) (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http.corsdomain)
--rpcvhosts value Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard. (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http.vhosts) (default: "localhost")
--rpcapi value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http.api)
MISC OPTIONS:
--snapshot Enables snapshot-database mode (default = enable)
--bloomfilter.size value Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter for pruning (default: 2048)
--help, -h show help
--override.berlin value Manually specify Berlin fork-block, overriding the bundled setting (default: 0)
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2021 The go-ethereum Authors